音素意识Phonemic Awareness

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《26 Fun Songs Set to Your Favorite Tunes That Build Phonemic Awareness and Teach Each Letter of the Alphabet》

《Fall Phonemic Awareness Songs》

What is it?

Phonemic awareness is the awareness of basic speech sounds. Phonemic awareness activities help young children know that words are made of sounds.
As children learn to hear, copy and play with separate sounds, they begin to understand letter-sound relationships. These kinds of activities that stimulate early literacy in preschool and kindergarten help children get ready for reading.

什么是音素意识？
音素意识就是对讲话声音最基本的意识。音素意识活动可以帮助孩子知道哪些单词由声音组成。
当孩子学会用单个的音素来听、写、玩的时候，他们开始理解字母声音之间的相互关系。这些活动能够刺激学前和幼儿园阶段孩子们的早期读写能力，帮助孩子准备好阅读。

Phonemic awareness skills...
Children need to be able to:
hear rhyming words e.g. hit, bit, sit, lit
break words into syllables e.g. hel i cop ter
hear some beginning sounds e.g. Peter Pumpkin picked...
blend sounds together to make words j-um-p
hear beginning and ending sounds  e.g. pen starts with p; ends with n
delete a beginning or end sound to make a new word.  e.g. meat eat or bump bum

音素意识能力......
孩子们需要能达到：
1.听出押韵的词，如hit,bit,sit,lit
2.把单词拆分成音节，如 hel- i- cop- ter
3.听出相同的初始音，如 Peter Pumpkin picked...
4.把声音合并为单词，如j-um-p
5.听出开始和结束的声音，如pen以p开始，以n结束。
6.去掉开始或者结尾的声音产生一个新词，如meat变成eat， bump变成bum。

Rhyme
Phonemic awareness early literacy activities are fun for children if you turn them into games. I begin with rhythm and rhyme as it helps children develop auditory discrimination and awareness. There are many commercial games and supplies available for rhyming activities.

韵律
音素意识的早期读写活动如果是用游戏的方式进行的话，那么对孩子来说会觉得非常有趣。我用韵律和押韵主要是因为它能帮助孩子加强听力辨别和意识，有很多商业游戏和资源可以用来做押韵活动。

Rhyming games
Use your imagination to make up simple games. A stack of rhyming cards and a title is generally enough to hold the students' attention when teaching phonemic awareness rhyming activities.
E.g. "Build a Road"
have the children sit in a circle on the carpet, give each child a rhyme card the teacher holds the matching rhyming cards the teacher places the first card on the carpet, the child with the matching card places his/her card next to the teacher's card, starting a row as each new teacher rhyming card is placed on the rug, the child with the matching card takes a turn placing his/her card beside it to "build a road" the teacher prompts when necessary the children like to make the roads twist and turn all over the carpet
Kindergarten children are easily motivated to play games, just change the names and format often to keep their attention.

押韵游戏
充分利用你的想象力来做一些简单的游戏。当教音素意识的押韵活动时，一堆押韵卡片和一个主题通常足够留住学生的注意力。
例如：“造路”游戏
1.让孩子们围成一圈坐在地毯上，给每一个孩子一个韵律卡片。
2.老师手握相匹配的韵律卡片
3.老师把第一张卡片放在地毯上，孩子们用匹配的卡把自己的卡放在老师的旁边，排成一行。
4.当每个新老师的韵律卡放在地毯上时，孩子就用匹配的卡轮流放自己的卡来“建一条路。”
5.有需要的话，老师就提示一下。
6.孩子们喜欢让这条路扭来扭去，在地板上满地都是。
幼儿园的孩子通常很容易被鼓励来玩这样的游戏，哪怕只是换个名字和形式也能保持他们的注意力。

Use rhyming puzzles to teach early literacy activities
Rhyming puzzles also help children to grasp the concept of rhyme. In the beginning of the year, I remove all but 4 or 5 sets of cards from the puzzle boxes as some children get overwhelmed by the number of choices a whole box offers.

使用韵律拼图来教早期的读写活动
韵律拼图同样也可以帮助孩子们掌握韵律的概念。最开始，当一些孩子被一整盒子提供的各种选择搞晕的时候，我只是从韵律拼图中选了四、五套卡片。

Pocket chart activities
I use the pocket chart a lot for teaching rhyme. Be sure to use rhyming pictures that are clearly identifiable to children sitting the farthest away. Sit on the carpet yourself and check the pictures from a student's viewpoint.
The children like to take turns placing their cards next to the correct rhyming cards in the pocket chart. Change the cards with themes, literature and seasons.

口袋图表活动
我使用口袋图表来教韵律。确保使用的韵律图片对坐在远处的孩子来说课辨别。自己坐在地毯上，从学生的角度观察图片。
在口袋图片活动中，孩子在正确的韵律卡片旁边轮换放置他们的卡片，改变卡片的主题、著作和季节。

Rhyming Books
Reading books that rhyme help children to grasp the concept. Emphasize the rhyming words as you read. After a while the children will guess the rhyming word if you pause before saying them.
Students also like to make their own little rhyming books. Give them stiff paper cut into rectangles, a stapler and felts. Some will want to copy items that rhyme from a chart, others will think of their own words.
Remember - model the process first.

韵律书
阅读那些韵律能帮助孩子掌握概念的书。当你阅读的时候强调一些押韵的单词。之后孩子就会猜出押韵的单词，如果你在说之前停止的话。
学生也喜欢做自己的押韵小书。给他们硬纸剪成矩形，用订书机订好。一些人想从图表中复制押韵的单词，另一些人会考虑他们自己的单词。
记住——先把过程模式化

Other areas of phonemic awareness
I have only touched on rhyming activities here. For more information on rhythm, teaching parts of a word, sequencing sounds, separation of sounds and manipulation of sounds I recommend Getting Ready to Read: Independent Phonemic Awareness Centers for Emergent Readers (I Can Read! (Creative Teaching Press).
My class really enjoyed playing these games and regular playing of the games ensured that all students got sequential teaching in phonemic awareness. It is fairly time consuming to make the games but I had a wonderful parent who volunteered to construct and laminate most of the games.

其他领域的音素意识
这里我只是触及了押韵的活动。想了解韵律的更多信息，教部分单词，排序声音，分离声音、声音处理，我建议使用《准备好阅读：对自然发生的阅读者的独立音素意识中心》。（我能阅读！创新教学出版社）。
我的学生非常喜欢玩这些游戏，这些常规的游戏能保证所有的学生都可以在音素意识中得到连续的学习。这些游戏相当的花时间，但是我有一对特别棒的父母能够主动创建和分解大部分游戏。
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